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Blood in the abdominal cavity
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Blood or blood-stained fluid in the abdomen is one of the macroscopic signs of RHD although it is not diagnostic. Differential diagnoses include trauma, ruptured tumours, and end-stage hepatic lipidosis where the liver is so friable that it splits and bleeds. This case was confirmed as RHD.
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MACROSCOPIC CHANGES
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GROSS EXAMINATION
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Blood-stained fluid at nares
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Blood-stained fluid in the nares may be seen in rabbits that have died suddenly from RHD. A foamy blood-stained exudate in the trachea is a feature of the diseases and the exudate may extend to the nostrils
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MACROSCOPIC CHANGES
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GROSS EXAMINATION
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Buzzard attack
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This juvenile wild rabbit was found after a Common Buzzard was disturbed and flew into a tree that was close by. The body was warm and limp indicating that the rabbit had only just died. There were no visible marks or wounds on the body. After the skin was partially removed, four small tears were found that penetrated either the thorax or abdomen. One of these had caused substantial haemorrhage. These marks were consistent with wounds inflicted by talons. There was more severe damage internally.
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MACROSCOPIC CHANGES
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GROSS EXAMINATION
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Cardiomyopathy
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Heart with myocardial fibrosis
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MACROSCOPIC CHANGES
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HEART
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Coccidia in intestinal mucosa
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PATHOLOGY
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HISTOLOGY
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Ecchymotic pulmonary haemorrhages
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In this confirmed case of RHD, ecchymotic haemorrhages were evident macroscopically and alveolar haemorrhages were seen microscopically.
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MACROSCOPIC CHANGES
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LUNGS
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Eimeria steidae
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The external surface of a liver lobe from a rabbit that died with RHD2. The liver is abnormally congested with blood but a local area of white tissue is identifiable. This coauld have a number of causes so the liver lobe was cut at this level.
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MACROSCOPIC CHANGES
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LIVER
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Eimeria steidae
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The freshly cut section of liver of a young male wild rabbit that died from RDH2, shows several areas of fibrosis involving the bile ducts. There is also a normal bile duct running across the section. This appearance is very suggestive of hepatic coccidiosis. Cytology can be used to confirm the presence of coccidial oocysts. Histology will also show the oocysts as well as showing the typical changes produced by RHD. A pcr test for rhd/rhd2 is required to confirm the presence of this viral disease.
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MACROSCOPIC CHANGES
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LIVER
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Eimeria steidae
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Hepatic coccidia obtained by a firmly-made impression with a microscope slide onto the cut surface of an affected liver. The slide was stained with RapidDiff2. The rabbit had died from RHDV2 which made an unavoidable preponderance of erythrocytes even with careful preparation (blotting) of the liver before applying the slide. Three slides were made and this, the third, was the only slide with coccidia. Success with this technique requires careful blotting of the cut surface and some pressure on the sides of the liver so that coccidia are squeezed out of the affected bile ducts.
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PATHOLOGY
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HISTOLOGY
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Embryo in viable foetal unit
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This embryo was inside a swelling in the uterus that was removed during routine ovariohysterectomy. Other swellings contained resorbing foetuses.
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Images
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Urogenital