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Liver lobe torson
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This image shows the liver of a rabbit that died from a torsion of the caudate process of the caudal lobe of the liver (arrow). This is the most common part of the liver to be involved in liver lobe torsion in rabbits. The image shows its position behind the ribs on the right side of the abdomen
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MACROSCOPIC CHANGES
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LIVER
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Enlarged congested liver
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An enlarged congested liver can be due to rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) but is also a macroscopic feature of other conditions, such as congestive heart failure or septicaemia. Close inspection of the liver shows a mottled appearance, which is suggestive of RHD. In this case, RHD was diagnosed from the histopathological finding of characteristic hepatocellular necrosis.
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Enlarged, congested, mottled liver
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Congestion is often present in the organs of rabbits that have died from RHD and can mask other characteristic changes. The liver of this rabbit that died from RHD is congested. Close inspection shows a mottled appearance.
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Enlarged pale, mottled liver
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The liver is always affected in rabbits with RHD. Microscopically hepatocellular necrosis is present in all cases. Macroscopically, there may be minimal changes or hepatomegaly with a pale mottled appearance as in this rabbit that died from RHDV2 confirmed by PCR testing.
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White spots in liver
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Several disease can cause white spots in the liver. Hepatic coccidiosis is the most likely cause.
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Eimeria steidae
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Hepatic coccidia obtained by a firmly-made impression with a microscope slide onto the cut surface of an affected liver. The slide was stained with RapidDiff2. The rabbit had died from RHDV2 which made an unavoidable preponderance of erythrocytes even with careful preparation (blotting) of the liver before applying the slide. Three slides were made and this, the third, was the only slide with coccidia. Success with this technique requires careful blotting of the cut surface and some pressure on the sides of the liver so that coccidia are squeezed out of the affected bile ducts.
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PATHOLOGY
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HISTOLOGY
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Eimeria steidae
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The freshly cut section of liver of a young male wild rabbit that died from RDH2, shows several areas of fibrosis involving the bile ducts. There is also a normal bile duct running across the section. This appearance is very suggestive of hepatic coccidiosis. Cytology can be used to confirm the presence of coccidial oocysts. Histology will also show the oocysts as well as showing the typical changes produced by RHD. A pcr test for rhd/rhd2 is required to confirm the presence of this viral disease.
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Eimeria steidae
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The external surface of a liver lobe from a rabbit that died with RHD2. The liver is abnormally congested with blood but a local area of white tissue is identifiable. This coauld have a number of causes so the liver lobe was cut at this level.
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LIVER
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Hepatic coccidiosis
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A low power view of hepatic coccidiosis. The rabbit died from RHD2 and this was a coincidental finding
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PATHOLOGY
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HISTOLOGY
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Hepatic lipidosis
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This image shows the liver of a rabbit that died with hepatic lipidosis. She died a few hours after admission, despite intravenous fluids and other supportive treatment. She was ataxic and hypothermic with a low blood glucose (4.2 mmol/l) on admission. Her urine was acidic on a dipstick due to ketoacidosis. The rabbit had undergone radical dentistry at another practice 4 days earlier and had not eaten since she was discharged on the day of dentistry.
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