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Relationship of nasolacrimal duct with apex of large upper incisor (labelled)
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This skull is from a wild rabbit. Part of the bony canal that encloses the nasolacrimal duct has been removed to expose the duct within it. The duct bends medially at the apex of the large upper incisor. Only a small amount of apical elongation would compress the duct at that point.
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ANATOMY
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DENTITION
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Retrobulbar abscess
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This rabbit had an abscess affecting the apices of the caudal maxillary cheek teeth. The eye is being pushed out of the socket by the abscess. Only one eye is affected, and it is still salvageable. The next step is radiography and/or CT scanning. Examining the teeth under anaesthetic is important both prior to and during surgery. This case responded well to abscess surgery without enucleating the eye.
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Abscesses
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Hereditary glaucoma
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This condition was common among a line of purebred rabbits at a breeding establishment. The owners described it as 'blue eye'. It is also known as 'moon eye'. The condition is caused by congenital glaucoma. It is a hereditary problem that is passed down the generations. It can affect one or both eyes and eventually leads to blindness. Trauma to the surface of the eye can happen easily because the eyeball protrudes and is blind to objects that can damage it.
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Eye disease
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Episceral congestion
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Episcleral congestion (engorgement of the blood vessels that run across the white part of the eye) is a feature of glaucoma. In rabbits, the blood engorged blood vessels to form a circle around the cornea. This syndrome is sometimes referred to as 'cilary flush'. The blood vessels become more prominent in eyes with a high intraocular pressure. This eye had an intraocular pressure of 28mm Hg measured by tonometry. Normal intraocular pressure is 15-23mm Hg
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Eye disease
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Glaucoma and staphyloma
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This eye shows many abnormalities. There is corneal oedema, Descemet's streaks (Haab's striae), enlargement of the globe (buphthalmos) and an area of pigmentation at the limbus. There is mild episcleral congestion. The upper eyelid has a dysplastic section with an abnormal rim.
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Eye disease
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Arrows to abnormal areas of glaucomatous eye
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This image shows the eye of a rabbit with glaucoma and staphyloma. The white arrow goes to the staphyloma that is an abnormal protrusion of the contents of the eye through a weak point in the eyeball. The protrusion is generally dark in colour, due to the colour of the inner structures of the eye. The red arrow goes to a congested episcleral blood vessel. The blue arrow goes to horizontal lines in the front of the eye. These are 'Haab's striae' . The red arrow goes to an extra flap or notch of abnormal eyelid (eyelid dysplasia) that can roll in and irritate the cornea.
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Eye disease
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Staphyloma
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There is an area of pigmentation at the scleral junction that could be due to melanoma or staphyloma. A staphyloma is a protrusion of uveal tissue (contents of the eyeball). It is seen in association with glaucoma where globe enlargement stretches and thins the tissues. Scleral atrophy occurs at the limbus and allows uveal tissue to protrude.
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Eye disease
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Suspected melanoma
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Rabbit's eye prior to enucleation with a limbic lesion that was suspected to be a melanoma
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Eye disease
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Close up of rabbit with limbic lesion
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Eye disease
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Exophthalmos
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Bilateral exophthalmos is a feature of rabbits with impaired venous return to the heart. The eyes tend to bulge more if the rabbit is positioned with its head lower than the heart. Thymoma or thymic lymphoma is a common reason for this condition but it also happen in rabbits with congestive heart failure or other mediastinal masses such as abscesses.
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Eye disease
